Seismic Analysis for Industrial Structures and Steel Constructions

Seismic Analysis for Industrial Structures and Steel Constructions


Earthquake Performance Assessment and Structural Verification

Turkey is located in a highly active seismic region, making seismic analysis and earthquake performance assessment essential components of structural engineering projects.

For industrial facilities, steel structures, machine foundations, and equipment-supporting systems, a properly conducted earthquake analysis is not only a regulatory requirement but also a strategic investment decision to ensure operational continuity and structural reliability.

In this article, we explain the main types of seismic analysis, the applied numerical methods, and key technical considerations for industrial projects.

 

What Is Seismic (Earthquake) Analysis?

Seismic analysis is the evaluation of how a structure behaves under earthquake loading using engineering calculations and advanced numerical simulations.

The primary objectives are:

  • To determine structural safety
  • To identify weak or critical elements
  • To assess strengthening requirements
  • To verify compliance with seismic codes
  • To minimize damage and operational risk

In Turkey, seismic projects are primarily conducted in accordance with the Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği 2018 (TBDY 2018 – Turkish Seismic Code 2018).

 

Types of Seismic Analysis

Seismic analyses are generally categorized into two main groups:

 

1️⃣ Linear Seismic Analysis

In linear analysis methods, structural elements are assumed to remain within the elastic range.

• Equivalent Static Method

Used for regular and relatively simple structures. Earthquake effects are represented as equivalent static lateral forces.

• Response Spectrum Analysis (Modal Superposition Method)

Preferred for multi-story or complex structures. Structural vibration modes are calculated, and seismic effects are derived from response spectra.

 

2️⃣ Nonlinear Seismic Performance Analysis

Nonlinear methods are critical for performance-based design, existing structure assessment, and strengthening projects.

• Pushover Analysis (Nonlinear Static Analysis)

The structure is gradually pushed laterally to obtain a capacity curve. Collapse mechanisms and plastic hinge formations are evaluated.

• Nonlinear Time History Analysis

Real earthquake records are applied to the structural model in the time domain. The structure’s behavior is evaluated step-by-step during the seismic event.

These methods are widely used for:

  • existing building seismic performance assessment
  • industrial facility seismic verification
  • structural strengthening design
  • high-risk facilities

 

Seismic Analysis for Industrial Facilities

Seismic analysis of industrial structures differs significantly from residential buildings.

Critical components include:

  • Steel structure seismic analysis
  • Industrial facility earthquake analysis
  • Machine foundation seismic analysis
  • Equipment anchorage verification
  • Seismic analysis of platforms and steel frames
  • Pipe support seismic load analysis
  • Rack system seismic verification

In industrial applications, not only the main building but also:

  • Anchors and bolts
  • Welded connections
  • Load transfer mechanisms
  • Dynamic load combinations

must be carefully evaluated.

This is particularly important in facilities where operational downtime leads to significant financial losses.

 

Numerical Methods Used in Seismic Analysis

Modern seismic analysis is conducted using advanced Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tools.

Key technical approaches include:

  • Modal analysis
  • Harmonic analysis
  • Nonlinear material modeling
  • Geometric nonlinearity
  • Large displacement analysis
  • Dynamic load combinations

For industrial projects, the objective often goes beyond code compliance and focuses on:

  • operational safety
  • structural reliability
  • risk mitigation
  • cost optimization in strengthening

 

Seismic Performance Assessment of Existing Structures

One of the most demanded services in industrial projects is the seismic evaluation of existing structures.

This includes:

  • structural performance level determination
  • identification of critical elements
  • retrofit scenario modeling
  • strengthening optimization

The result is a data-driven engineering decision process that reduces unnecessary interventions and optimizes investment costs.

 

Why Is Seismic Analysis Critical?

✔ Code compliance
✔ Life safety
✔ Operational continuity
✔ Investment protection
✔ Insurance and risk assessment
✔ Engineering validation

In industrial and steel construction projects, a properly executed seismic performance analysis significantly reduces structural and financial risks.

 

What to Consider When Choosing a Seismic Analysis Service?

  • Clear reference to applicable seismic codes
  • Defined analysis methodology (Linear vs Nonlinear)
  • Transparent modeling assumptions
  • Detailed reporting of critical elements
  • Engineering-based strengthening recommendations

 

Seismic analysis is not merely a calculation—it is a comprehensive engineering verification process.

Whether for:

  • seismic performance analysis
  • response spectrum analysis
  • pushover analysis
  • nonlinear time history analysis
  • steel structure seismic analysis
  • industrial facility earthquake analysis

a rigorous, standards-based and simulation-driven approach is essential for structural safety and long-term reliability.